Depressive Disorders
Depressive disorders, also known as mood disorders, are a category of mental health conditions characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, despair, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities. These disorders can significantly impact a person's daily life, relationships, and overall functioning.
Here are some common types of depressive disorders:
1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): This is the most common form of depression. It involves persistent and severe symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy activities. Episodes of major depression may occur only once in a person's lifetime, but often they recur.
2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): This type of depression lasts for a longer duration, typically for at least two years. While the symptoms may not be as severe as in major depressive disorder, they are chronic and can significantly affect daily functioning.
3. Bipolar Disorder: Formerly known as manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder involves episodes of depression alternating with periods of mania or hypomania. During manic episodes, individuals may experience heightened energy, impulsivity, and elevated mood.
4. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): This type of depression occurs at specific times of the year, usually during the fall and winter months when there is less sunlight. Symptoms include low energy, oversleeping, and weight gain.
5. Psychotic Depression: This form of depression includes severe depressive symptoms accompanied by psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions.
6. Postpartum Depression: Occurring after childbirth, postpartum depression is characterized by feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion. It can interfere with a new mother's ability to care for herself and her baby.
7. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): This is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by significant mood disturbances, such as depression and irritability, in the weeks before menstruation.
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